Hot-air furnace.



H. J. ROSCOE.

HOTAIR FURNACE.

APPLICATION HLED Die. 5. m4.

1,265,99%. Patented May 21,1918.

Ohio,

TINT $TAES HENRIETTA J. ROSCOE, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

HOT-AIR FURNACE.

Specification of Iietters Patent.

Patented May 21, 1918.

Application filed December 5, 1914. Serial No. 875,666.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRIETTA- J. Rosoon, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hot-Air Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in hot air furnaces and it more especially consists of the features pointed out in the annexed claims.

The purpose of my invention is to provide a hot air furnace the main portion of which is built up of duplicate unit sections hav ing similar lateral passageways which serve diiferent purposes; to provide hot air assemblable furnace sections with integrally cast inner and outer walls forming an air space between them and a fuel area inside,

so that the heating of the air will not be subject. to the usual fluctuations as when sheet metal outer walls are used to inclose the air space; to provide a furnace that on account of the heat retaining features of the heavy walls will obviate the sudden cooling of the delivered air by reason of a change in direction of wind when the air is taken directly from out doors or when the fire burns low; that per contra avoids a sudden rise of temperature through the heat absorbing feature of the heavy walls in case the fire quickly burns up; that shall have the smallest number of separate parts; that may be assembled without expert skill; and that is economical to buildyinstall and operate.

With these and other ends in view I illustrate in the accompanying drawing such an instance of adaptation as will disclose the broad features without limiting myself to the specific details shown.

Figure 1 is an elevation in section.

Fig. 2 is a plan of a portion of one of the body units.

Fig. 3 is an elevation in section of such a unit.

' Fig. 4 shows V shaped tongues and grooves.

In the adaptation shown 1 indicates the sectional units and the outer walls of each. The inner wall 2 is joined to the outer wall 1 by cast in webs 8 forming an air chamber 3 between the walls. A door frame 7 is cast integral with walls 1 and 2 so as to inclose a passageway 41 which leads from the inside to the outside where it forms a door opening without connecting with the air chamber 3. The usual hinge lugs 5 and door catch 6 are located externally of the opening. Walls 1 and 2 on their upper end have an annular groove 9 formed therein. Between the adjacent sides of grooves 9 an air space or passage 10 is formed.

The lower edges of the walls 1 and 2 terminate in tongues 11 forming air spaces or passages 12 therebetween. These tongues arc annular and of the same radial dimensions as grooves 9 so that duplicate sections 1 may be assembled on top of each other without the aid of any extraneous parts, forming a complete structure when placed on a suitable base 21 and covered by top 15. Tongues 11 and grooves 9 may be V shaped as shown at 11 and 9' of Fig. 4. Tongues 11 or 11 may be formed on the upper ends of sections 1 and grooves 9 or 9 on the lower ends without departing from the spirit of my invention as such a disposition is an obvious equivalent of their location previously described.

It is immaterial in what angular relation the interchangeable sections are assembled with respect to the door openings 4 to each other and to'the smoke outlet. A suitable base 21 having grooves 9 similar to those of the duplicate sections 1 to receive tongues 11 has a raised cover 23 formed thereon which serves as a floor for the ash pit. This floor is flush with the upper face of the bottom portion of the door frame 7 so that no obstructing ledge is formed and no difliculty is encountered in removing the ashes.

The base 21 serves to inclose an air inlet chamber while cover 15 serves to inclose an air outlet chamber both of which connect with air chamber 3 when the base and cover are assembled with the intermediate interchangeable sections. An annular flange 22 forms an extension of the floor of. base 21 which may rest on any suitable foundation placed beneath it. Webs 27 join the inner and outer portions of this base so as to leave air passages 10 similar to the passages 10 and 12 of the duplicate intermediate sections 1 between them. Cold air box 25 connects with opening 24: of the base 21 and a water inlet 37 formed in the rim of the base between the plane of the lower face of air passage 10 and the upper face of air opening 2& permits the filling of the internal hollow space below the lowest line of opening 24 with water so as to supply moisture to the rooms that are to be heated.

Within the first of "the int'erchangea'ble sections I placed on base 21 an annular grate frame 28 is located. This has supporting legs 29 which rest on the ash pit floor formed "thereunder. On a. pro ecting flange offrame 28 a suitable grate 30 rests which in the instance shown has depending lugs 31 cast thereonthat may be joined by a guide pipe 32 into which the end of a poker-may be placed by which to shake the grate. It is immaterial as to the yspecific'form of grate I that is usedbecause any suitable style of rocking or shaking grate'maybe adapted. Ash pit door 14 closes the opening 4 by abutting againstz the outer face of the door frame 7 in the usualmanner.

On top of the first of the duplicate sections which is used as a grate and ash container another of the intermediate interchangeable sections is placed to serve an entirely'diflerent purpose in a different angular relation if desired'so that its opening 4 does not come directly above the ash pit door 14. The opening may be placed 90 degreeseither way or in any other relation. This intermediate section. may be called an idle one because its opening 4'is not in active use for fueling orthe removal ofthe ashes. The opening 4 of this section is closed on the inside .by-fire brick or other lining 33 which completely encircles theinsideof the section. tom walls, constituting the frame 7 of this opening, and the lining 33 inclose it on five sides to form a warming or roasting oven if such-use 1s deslred to be made of it. The oven 1s closed by a door whichmay be a duplicate ofthefuelingdoor 13 the same being hinged on lugs 5 cast integral with the outer wall of the section. Another lug 6 serves the usual purpose to retainthe door closed.

The lining 33 is sealed-off from the opening 4 by the use of furnace cement,

to prevent. gas fumes entering the oven,-

sim-ilarto the usual use of-cements ofthis kind in-all intersecting joints of stoves, fur- ,.naces, etc.,,bymeans of this old and Well "located at the most distant with hot water.

known expedient.

'Anotherusecan be made of, the oven "opening 4; of thissection. Water heating coils orflsh'oes are frequently placed Within the fire boX- of} hot air furnaces in order-to keep a range boiler 01' several radiators points supplied Such an adaptation of course requires inlet-and outlet pipes connectedto the water heater. m'ust obviously pass through the furnace jwallsin one way 'or another. With my form anv intermediate interchangeable sections having passageways or openings 4 that serveradically different purposes {and laborious procedure of drilling or otherwise The side, top and bot- These pipes "forming pipe holes through the furnace walls is avoided because such pipes may be taken throu'gli the opening 4 of this section. They may pass through apertures formed in any suitable manner in the lining 33 and the "apertures are made smoke and gas tlght by means of pipe flanges and cement in any well known manner. Since the application of a water heating device to hot air furnaces is old and well known it is not shown on the drawing.

Above thesecond of the intermediate sections aduplicate section is placed. 1 This has its opening 4 directly above that of the first or ash pit section. A door 13v is hinged on lugs 5- to close the opening 4 which in this 1 section isused for feeding fuel through it to the furnace. The lining 34 occurring-within this-section'is cutaway suiiiciently for. the

door opening. If desired another idle section may be placed directly above the fuel door section so as to. afford a greater air heating capacity in which case the last of the intermediates or top section serving for a.

smoke pipe outlet would be placed on top of it. Should this make the structure too high forcertain uses the uppermost or smoke pipe I section can be placed as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing.

*This top section, though a duplicate of each of the other intermediate units and interchangeable with-themhas its opening 4 used for an entirely different purpose. In

this case, instead of doors 13 or 14 a removable pipe thimble 19 may be secured over the opening so-that various sized pipes 20 may be easily accommodated through an exchange with another thimble provided with a larger or smaller-size pipe opening.

The cover 15"} has airpipe outlets 16 "formed therein and it is supported by .webs

17 cast integrally withit and the fire box dome 36, the webs serving'to hold the two parts together. A flange 35;serves to retain a heat insulating layerof sand on the'cover to assist in preventing; the loss ofheat by eX-ternal radiation, if such provision is de- -sired. Stay-bolts 18 may be used toreach from the cover 15 throijigh airlspaces 3, 10

and l2 tobosses 26 formed within the base 21 servin with ra'bbeted-'tonguefandfigroove, or any' ,other suitable edges. As previously stated one of the upper. linings 34' is cut away to correspond with the opening 4 for fuel door 13.

From the preceding description it will be seen thatonly three main parts are used, a base, mtermechate duplicate interchangeable kind of furnace cement.

sections, and a cover, all placed in succession above each other. The distinctive features are found in a structure having smooth inner and outer faces with interlaced joining edges that may be sealed off with any In case no fire brick linings are used the door opening 1 of any idle section may be blocked up in any suitable manner. The operation of the furnace is quite obvious and its extreme simplicity apparent. The usual disadvantages of rusted sheet metal outer walls is entirely overcome. The outer walls 1 may be cast thinner than the inner ones 2 if found desirable in practice and the various parts, base, cover and intermediate sections may be adapted to any varying conditions.

The broad feature of the invention consists in a. sectional furnace made up of interchangeable individual units each having an independent passageway formed through its walls adapted in the several units to serve entirely different purposes, and when the sections are superposed they produce continuous air and heating chambers separated from each other, without the use of main extraneous parts other than a base and cover.

Instead of special base 21 one of the standard interchangeable sections might be used, if desired, allowing opening i and a thimble similar to 19 serve as a cold air inlet, the bottom being formed of cement, a single floor plate or in any other special manner. The water inlet would have to be combined with the air intake opening and a special ash pit floor provided to keep the outer air chamber isolated from the inner fuel chamber. The main features of this invention can be embodied in a square, hexagon, octagon or other form of structure as well as a round one as instanced in the drawing, providing that interchangeable in termediate sections adapted to serve radically difierent purposes are assembled together with a suitable base and top.

What I claim is:

1. A furnace consisting of detachable one-piece duplicate unit sections assemblable one above the other each of said sections having outer and inner walls which serve to form an inner chamber and an outer chamber independent of each other, both chambers being open at the top and bottom, webs connecting the inner and outer walls across the outer chamber each of said sections having a door frame forming a passageway whereby a door or smoke pipe may be located therein according to the position in which the section is used, a suitable base, a cover, said base and cover registering with the unit sections placed therebetween, and means for holding the parts assembled in independent angular relation to each other.

2. A furnace consisting of a composite structure formed of interchangeable duplicate units independently assembled, each unit comprising a continuous inner wall, a continuous outer wall, suitable integral webs or ribs joining them, transverse walls spanning the inter-space between the walls to form a passageway leading through both theinner and outer walls without communicating from within the inner wall to the interspace between the inner and outer walls, a suitable base, a cover having air outlets, and means for releasably holding the units assembled in independent interchangeable relation to each other whereby the openings of the duplicate units separately serve different and independent purposes.

3. A furnace consisting of interchangeable duplicate units comprising continuous inner and outer walls forming inner and outer chambers, a passageway leading from the interior to the exterior independently of the outer chamber, and suitable retaining means such as tongues and grooves formed in the meeting edges of each of the units whereby when such units are assembled the corresponding chambers of adjacent units are held in alinement with each other and the several passageways are adapted to serve different purposes.

4. An article of manufacture comprising a furnace section having inner and outer walls forming an open ended outer chamber between the walls and an open ended inner chamber within the inner wall the walls being pierced by a passageway leading from the inside to the outside without opening into the space between them, interlocking joining edges formed on the ends of the sections adapted to retain the respective chambers of one section opening into the corresponding chambers of a contiguous section with the passageways placed in any desired angular relation with respect to each other to independently serve radically dif ferent purposes. and suitable closures for the passageways, whereby assembled duplicate sections may be placed between a suitable registering supporting base and a cover to form a releasably held composite structure.

5. A furnace consisting of a suitable base inclosing an air inlet chamber, an air passage connected therewith adapted to supply air from outside the furnace to said chamber, interchangeable duplicate units assembled thereon, a cover for the assembled units inclosing an air delivery chamber, means for releasably holdin the parts together, air openings formed in the base and cover, air passages formed in each of the units registering with each other and connecting with the openings, an interiorly formed fuel chamber in the several units, and suitable passageways in each unit leading independently from said chamber to the exterior whereby each of the interchangeable units may be used for entirely different purposes according to the location in which it is placed.

6. A furnace consisting of a suitable base, an air inlet and a water inlet formed therein, air outlets formed on the upper face thereof, an imperforate center area, joint forming edges placed inside and outside of'said air outlets, an interchangeable unit registering with said edges, an outer air'chamber communicating with the base, an independent continuous inner chamber opposite the imperforate portion of the base, a grate supporting frame therein, a suitable grate thereon, a passageway leading to the exterior through the outer chamber independently thereof, a second duplicate interchangeable unit superposed on the first, a fire lining within the same closing the inside end of the passageway leading to the exterior, duplicate units assembled thereon, similar passages leading from the interior to the exterior of each unit in one unit such passageway serving as a fuel inlet and in another as a smoke outlet, a suitable cover, outlets therefrom, air passages registering with the outer chambers of the several units, structural retaining means formed on the meeting edges of the several interchangeable parts, the base and the cover to prevent lateral displacement, and-means adapted to hold the units between the base and cover.

7 A furnace consisting of duplicate furnace sections each comprising a complete interchangeable structural unit adapted to be assembled in different related positions with other units and serve entirely different purposes, each of said units having a'continuous inner chamber, a separate outer air chamber and an independent passageway from the inner chamber to the exterior of the unit and leading through the outer chamber whereby the passageway of one of such units may serve as an ash pit, in another a grally formed duplicate structural units each having inner and outer walls forming a heating chamber within the inner wall and an air chamber between the walls, said walls being joined to each other by webs extending across the air chamber; a passageway leading through both walls and across but-independent of the air chamber, said passageway serving either to accommodate a firing door, an ash pit door, a smoke pipeoutlet, a-warming oven, etc.; the webs and the-top and bottom o-fthe passageway being so placed as to leave the air chamber continuous above and below the webs and passageway; and overlapping joints formed in the meeting edges of adjacent units adapted to hold the units in alinement and also isolate the air chamber from the heating chamber whereby such units may be assent bled with the passageways in any desired angular relation to each other.

9. In a furnace structural units formed of two walls with an air chamber between, in

tegral webs joining the walls across such chamber; a passage isolated from the air chamber leading through both walls; the outer end of the passage being adapted to receive relatively fixed pipe thimbles or in amovable manner hinged doors both thimbles and doors being adapted to be held separately, as desired, by the same support Copies of this 'patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). G. 

